Active Ingredient: Naloxone
Complete or partial reversal of CNS and especially respiratory depression, caused by natural or synthetic opioids.
For this indication, competent medicine agencies globally authorize below treatments:
For:
Regimen A: Intravenous, between 0.1 milligrams naloxone and 0.2 milligrams naloxone, once every 2 minutes.
Regimen B: Intravenous, between 1.5 micrograms naloxone per kilogram of body weight and 3 micrograms naloxone per kilogram of body weight, one dose. Afterwards, intravenous, 0.1 milligrams naloxone, once every 2 minutes.
Dosage is determined for each patient in order to obtain optimum respiratory response while maintaining adequate analgesia. An i.v. injection of 0.1 to 0.2 mg naloxone hydrochloride (approx. 1.5-3 µg/kg) is usually sufficient. If necessary, additional i.v. injections of 0.1 mg can be administered at 2 minute intervals until satisfactory respiration and consciousness are obtained. An additional injection can again be necessary within 1 to 2 hours, depending on the type of active substance to be antagonised (short-term effect or slow release), the amount administered and time and mode of administration. Naloxone 400 micrograms/ml can alternatively be administered as an i.v. infusion.
The duration of action for some opioids is longer than that of the naloxone hydrochloride i.v. bolus. Therefore, in situations where depression is known to be induced by such substances or there is a reason to suspect this, naloxone hydrochloride should be administered as a continuous infusion. The infusion rate is determined according to the individual patient, depending on the response of the patient to the i.v. bolus and on the reaction of the patient to the i.v. infusion. The use of the continuous intravenous infusion should be carefully considered and respiratory assistance should be applied if necessary.
The most rapid effect is obtained by means of i.v. administration, which is why this method of administration is recommended in acute cases.
For:
Intravenous, between 0.01 milligrams naloxone per kilogram of body weight and 0.02 milligrams naloxone per kilogram of body weight, once every 2 to 3 minutes.
Initially, 0.01-0.02 mg naloxone hydrochloride per kg i.v. at intervals of 2-3 minutes until satisfactory respiration and consciousness are obtained. Additional doses may be necessary at 1- to 2-hours intervals depending on the response of the patient and the dosage and duration of action of the opiate administered.
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