ATC Group: A10BK Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors

Bexagliflozin is an inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2), the transporter responsible for reabsorption of the majority of glucose from the renal glomerular filtrate in the renal proximal tubule. By inhibiting SGLT2, bexagliflozin reduces renal reabsorption of filtered glucose and lowers the renal threshold for glucose, and thereby increases urinary glucose excretion.

Canagliflozin is an orally-active inhibitor of SGLT2. The SGLT2 transporter, expressed in the proximal renal tubules, is responsible for the majority of the reabsorption of filtered glucose from the tubular lumen. By inhibiting SGLT2, canagliflozin reduces reabsorption of filtered glucose and lowers the renal threshold for glucose (RTG).

Dapagliflozin is a highly potent, selective and reversible inhibitor of SGLT2. SGLT2 is the predominant transporter responsible for reabsorption of glucose from the glomerular filtrate back into the circulation. Dapagliflozin improves both fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose levels by reducing renal glucose reabsorption leading to urinary glucose excretion.

Empagliflozin is a reversible, highly potent (IC₅₀ of 1.3 nmol) and selective competitive inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2). Empagliflozin improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes by reducing renal glucose reabsorption.

Ertugliflozin helps to lower blood glucose by making the patient pass out glucose in the urine. It does this by blocking a protein in the kidneys (called SGLT2) that normally takes glucose back into the blood from the kidneys.

Luseogliflozin lowers plasma glucose by inhibiting the activity of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) which is involved in reabsorption of glucose at renal proximal tubules and promoting the excretion of excessive glucose in blood into urine.

Sotagliflozin is an inhibitor of SGLT2 and SGLT1. Inhibiting SGLT2 reduces renal reabsorption of glucose and sodium which may influence several physiological functions such as lowering both pre-and afterload of the heart and downregulating sympathetic activity. Inhibiting SGLT1 reduces intestinal absorption of glucose and sodium which likely contributes to diarrhea. The mechanism for sotagliflozin’s cardiovascular benefits has not been established.