GAVRETO Capsule Ref.[10176] Active ingredients: Pralsetinib

5.1 Interstitial Lung Disease/Pneumonitis

Severe, life-threatening, and fatal interstitial lung disease (ILD)/pneumonitis can occur in patients treated with GAVRETO. Pneumonitis occurred in 10% of patients who received GAVRETO, including 2.7% with Grade 3-4, and 0.5% with fatal reactions.

Monitor for pulmonary symptoms indicative of ILD/pneumonitis. Withhold GAVRETO and promptly investigate for ILD in any patient who presents with acute or worsening of respiratory symptoms which may be indicative of ILD (e.g., dyspnea, cough, and fever). Withhold, reduce dose or permanently discontinue GAVRETO based on severity of confirmed ILD. [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].

5.2 Hypertension

Hypertension occurred in 29% of patients, including Grade 3 hypertension in 14% of patients [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Overall, 7% had their dose interrupted and 3.2% had their dose reduced for hypertension. Treatment-emergent hypertension was most commonly managed with anti-hypertension medications.

Do not initiate GAVRETO in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Optimize blood pressure prior to initiating GAVRETO. Monitor blood pressure after 1 week, at least monthly thereafter and as clinically indicated. Initiate or adjust anti-hypertensive therapy as appropriate. Withhold, reduce dose, or permanently discontinue GAVRETO based on the severity [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].

5.3 Hepatotoxicity

Serious hepatic adverse reactions occurred in 2.1% of patients treated for GAVRETO. Increased AST occurred in 69% of patients, including Grade 3 or 4 in 5.4% and increased ALT occurred in 46% of patients, including Grade 3 or 4 in 6% [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. The median time to first onset for increased AST was 15 days (range: 5 days to 1.5 years) and increased ALT was 22 days (range: 7 days to 1.7 years).

Monitor AST and ALT prior to initiating GAVRETO, every 2 weeks during the first 3 months, then monthly thereafter and as clinically indicated. Withhold, reduce dose or permanently discontinue GAVRETO based on severity [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].

5.4 Hemorrhagic Events

Serious, including fatal, hemorrhagic events can occur with GAVRETO. Grade ≥ 3 hemorrhagic events occurred in 2.5% of patients treated with GAVRETO including one patient with a fatal hemorrhagic event.

Permanently discontinue GAVRETO in patients with severe or life-threatening hemorrhage [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].

5.5 Risk of Impaired Wound Healing

Impaired wound healing can occur in patients who receive drugs that inhibit the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. Therefore, GAVRETO has the potential to adversely affect wound healing.

Withhold GAVRETO for at least 5 days prior to elective surgery. Do not administer for at least 2 weeks following major surgery and until adequate wound healing. The safety of resumption of GAVRETO after resolution of wound healing complications has not been established.

5.6 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, GAVRETO can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Oral administration of pralsetinib to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis resulted in malformations and embryolethality at maternal exposures below the human exposure at the clinical dose of 400 mg once daily.

Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective non-hormonal contraception during treatment with GAVRETO and for 2 weeks after the final dose. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with GAVRETO and for 1 week after the final dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3)].

The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling:

• Interstitial Lung Disease/Pneumonitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
• Hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
• Hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
• Hemorrhagic Events [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
• Risk of Impaired Wound Healing [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The pooled safety population in the WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS reflect exposure to GAVRETO as a single agent at 400 mg orally once daily in 438 patients with RET altered solid tumors in ARROW [see Clinical Studies (14)]. Among 438 patients who received GAVRETO, 47% were exposed for 6 months or longer and 23% were exposed for greater than one year.

RET Fusion-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

The safety of GAVRETO was evaluated as a single agent at 400 mg orally once daily in 220 patients with metastatic rearranged during transfection (RET fusion-positive) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in ARROW [see Clinical Studies (14)].

The median age was 60 years (range: 26 to 87 years); 52% were female, 50% were White, 41% were Asian, and 4% were Hispanic/Latino.

Serious adverse reactions occurred in 45% of patients who received GAVRETO. The most frequent serious adverse reaction (in ≥2% of patients) was pneumonia, pneumonitis, sepsis, urinary tract infection, and pyrexia. Fatal adverse reaction occurred in 5% of patients; fatal adverse reaction which occurred in >1 patient included pneumonia (n=3) and sepsis (n=2).

Permanent discontinuation due to an adverse reaction occurred in 15% of patients who received GAVRETO. Adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation included pneumonitis (1.8%), pneumonia (1.8%), and sepsis (1%).

Dosage interruptions due to an adverse reaction occurred in 60% of patients who received GAVRETO. Adverse reactions requiring dosage interruption in ≥2% of patients included neutropenia, pneumonitis, anemia, hypertension, pneumonia, pyrexia, increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), increased blood creatine phosphokinase, fatigue, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, vomiting, increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), sepsis, and dyspnea.

Dose reductions due to adverse reactions occurred in 36% of patients who received GAVRETO. Adverse reactions requiring dosage reductions in ≥2% of patients included neutropenia, anemia, pneumonitis, neutrophil count decreased, fatigue, hypertension, pneumonia, and leukopenia.

The most common adverse reactions (≥25%) were fatigue, constipation, musculoskeletal pain, and hypertension. The most common Grade 3-4 laboratory abnormalities (≥2%) were decreased lymphocytes, decreased neutrophils, decreased phosphate, decreased hemoglobin, decreased sodium, decreased calcium (corrected), and increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT).

Table 4 summarizes the adverse reactions in ARROW.

Table 4. Adverse Reactions (≥15%) in Patients Who Received GAVRETO in ARROW:

* Fatigue includes fatigue, asthenia
^† Only includes a Grade 3 adverse reaction
^‡ Edema includes edema peripheral, face edema, periorbital edema, eyelid edema, edema generalized, swelling
^§ Diarrhea includes diarrhea, colitis, enteritis
^¶ Musculoskeletal pain includes back pain, myalgia, arthralgia, pain in extremity, musculoskeletal pain, neck pain, musculoskeletal chest pain, bone pain, musculoskeletal stiffness, arthritis, spinal pain
^# Hypertension includes hypertension, blood pressure increased
^Þ Cough includes cough, productive cough, upper-airway cough syndrome
^ß Pneumonia includes pneumonia, atypical pneumonia, lung infection, pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, pneumonia bacterial, pneumonia cytomegaloviral, pneumonia haemophilus, pneumonia influenza, pneumonia streptococcal

Table 5 summarizes the laboratory abnormalities in ARROW.

Table 5. Select Laboratory Abnormalities (≥20%) Worsening from Baseline in Patients Who Received GAVRETO in ARROW:

Denominator for each laboratory parameter is based on the number of patients with a baseline and post-treatment laboratory value available, which ranged from 83 to 94 patients.

Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities <20% of patients who received GAVRETO included hyperphosphatemia (10%).

7.1 Effects of Other Drugs on GAVRETO

Strong CYP3A Inhibitors

Avoid coadministration with strong CYP3A inhibitors. Coadministration of GAVRETO with a strong CYP3A inhibitor increases pralsetinib exposure, which may increase the incidence and severity of adverse reactions of GAVRETO.

Avoid coadministration of GAVRETO with combined P-gp and strong CYP3A inhibitors. If coadministration with a combined P-gp and strong CYP3A inhibitor cannot be avoided, reduce the GAVRETO dose [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

7.1.103 SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION

Strong CYP3A Inducers

Coadministration of GAVRETO with a strong CYP3A inducer decreases pralsetinib exposure, which may decrease efficacy of GAVRETO. Avoid coadministration of GAVRETO with strong CYP3A inducers. If coadministration cannot be avoided, increase the GAVRETO dose [see Dosage and Administration (2.5), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Risk Summary

Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, GAVRETO can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. There are no available data on GAVRETO use in pregnant women to inform drug-associated risk. Oral administration of pralsetinib to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis resulted in malformations and embryolethality at maternal exposures below the human exposure at the clinical dose of 400 mg once daily (see Data). Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus.

In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively

Data

Animal Data

In an embryo-fetal development study, once daily oral administration of pralsetinib to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis resulted in 100% post-implantation loss at dose levels ≥20 mg/kg (approximately 1.5-2.2 times the human exposure based on area under the curve [AUC] at the clinical dose of 400 mg). Post-implantation loss also occurred at the 10 mg/kg dose level (approximately 0.5 times the human exposure based on AUC at the clinical dose of 400 mg). Once daily oral administration of pralsetinib at dose levels ≥5 mg/kg (approximately 0.2 times the human AUC at the clinical dose of 400 mg) resulted in an increase in visceral malformations and variations (absent or small kidney and ureter, absent uterine horn, malpositioned kidney or testis, retroesophageal aortic arch) and skeletal malformations and variations (vertebral and rib anomalies and reduced ossification).

Risk Summary

There are no data on the presence of pralsetinib or its metabolites in human milk or their effects on either the breastfed child or on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed children, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with GAVRETO and for 1 week after the final dose.

Based on animal data, GAVRETO can cause embryolethality and malformations at doses resulting in exposures below the human exposure at the clinical dose of 400 mg daily [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Pregnancy Testing

Verify pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating GAVRETO [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Contraception

GAVRETO can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Females

Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective non-hormonal contraception during treatment with GAVRETO and for 2 weeks after the final dose. GAVRETO may render hormonal contraceptives ineffective.

Males

Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with GAVRETO and for 1 week after the final dose.

Infertility

Based on histopathological findings in the reproductive tissues of male and female rats and a dedicated fertility study in which animals of both sexes were treated and mated to each other, GAVRETO may impair fertility [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].

The safety and effectiveness of GAVRETO have not been established in pediatric patients.

Animal Toxicity Data

In a 4-week repeat-dose toxicology study in non-human primates, physeal dysplasia in the femur occurred at doses resulting in exposures similar to the human exposure (AUC) at the clinical dose of 400 mg. In rats there were findings of increased physeal thickness in the femur and sternum as well as tooth (incisor) abnormalities (fractures, dentin matrix alteration, ameloblast/odontoblast degeneration, necrosis) in both 4- and 13-week studies at doses resulting in exposures similar to the human exposure (AUC) at the clinical dose of 400 mg. Recovery was not assessed in the 13-week toxicology study, but increased physeal thickness in the femur and incisor degeneration did not show evidence of complete recovery in the 28-day rat study.

Of the 438 patients in ARROW who received the recommended dose of GAVRETO at 400 mg once daily, 30% were 65 years or older. No overall differences in pharmacokinetics (PK), safety or efficacy were observed in comparison with younger patients.

GAVRETO has not been studied in patients with moderate hepatic impairment (total bilirubin >1.5 to 3.0 × upper limit of normal [ULN] and any aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) or severe hepatic impairment (total bilirubin >3.0 × ULN and any AST). No dose adjustment is required for patients with mild hepatic impairment (total bilirubin ≤ ULN and AST > ULN or total bilirubin >1 to 1.5 times ULN and any AST] [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].