CLOMID Tablet Ref.[7170] Active ingredients: Clomifene

Warnings

General

Good levels of endogenous oestrogen (as estimated from vaginal smears, endometrial biopsy, assay of urinary oestrogen, or endometrial bleeding in response to progesterone) provide a favourable prognosis for ovulatory response induced by Clomid 50 mg Tablets. A low level of oestrogen, although clinically less favourable, does not preclude successful outcome of therapy. Clomid 50 mg Tablets therapy is ineffective in patients with primary pituitary or primary ovarian failure. Clomid 50 mg Tablets therapy cannot be expected to substitute for specific treatment of other causes of ovulatory failure, such as thyroid or adrenal disorders. For hyperprolactinaemia there is other preferred specific treatment. Clomid 50 mg Tablets is not first line treatment for low weight related amenorrhoea, with infertility, and has no value if a high FSH blood level is observed following an early menopause.

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) has been reported in patients receiving Clomid 50 mg Tablets therapy for ovulation induction. In some cases, OHSS occurred following the cyclic use of Clomid 50 mg Tablets therapy or when Clomid 50 mg Tablets was used in combination with gonadotropins. The following symptoms have been reported in association with this syndrome during Clomid 50 mg Tablets therapy: pericardial effusion, anasarca, hydrothorax, acute abdomen, renal failure, pulmonary oedema, ovarian haemorrhage, deep venous thrombosis, torsion of the ovary and acute respiratory distress. If conception results, rapid progression to the severe form of the syndrome may occur.

To minimise the hazard of the abnormal ovarian enlargement associated with Clomid 50 mg Tablets therapy, the lowest dose consistent with expectation of good results should be used. The patient should be instructed to inform the physician of any abdominal or pelvic pain, weight gain, discomfort or distension after taking Clomid 50 mg Tablets. Maximal enlargement of the ovary may not occur until several days after discontinuation of the course of Clomid 50 mg Tablets. Some patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who are unusually sensitive to gonadotropin may have an exaggerated response to usual doses of Clomid 50 mg Tablets.

The patient who complains of abdominal or pelvic pain, discomfort, or distension after taking Clomid 50 mg Tablets should be examined because of the possible presence of an ovarian cyst or other cause. Due to fragility of enlarged ovaries in severe cases, abdominal and pelvic examination should be performed very cautiously. If abnormal enlargement occurs Clomid 50 mg Tablets should not be given until the ovaries have returned to pre-treatment size. Ovarian enlargement and cyst formation associated with Clomid 50 mg Tablets therapy usually regress spontaneously within a few days or weeks after discontinuing treatment. Most of these patients should be managed conservatively. The dosage and/or duration of the next course of treatment should be reduced.

Visual Symptoms

Patients should be advised that blurring or other visual symptoms such as spots or flashes (scintillating scotomata) may occasionally occur during or shortly after therapy with Clomid 50 mg Tablets. These visual disturbances are usually reversible; however, cases of prolonged visual disturbance have been reported including after Clomid 50 mg Tablet discontinuation. The visual disturbances may be irreversible especially with increased dosage or duration of therapy. The significance of these visual symptoms is not understood. If the patient has any visual symptoms, treatment should be discontinued, and ophthalmologic evaluation performed.

Patients should be warned that visual symptoms may render such activities as driving a car or operating machinery more hazardous than usual, particularly under conditions of variable lighting.

Precautions

Cases of hypertriglyceridemia have been reported (see section 4.8) in the post-marketing experience with Clomid 50 mg Tablets. Pre-existing or family history of hyperlipidemia and use of higher than recommended dose and/or longer duration of treatment with Clomid 50 mg Tablets are associated with risk of hypertriglyceridemia. Periodic monitoring of plasma triglycerides may be indicated in these patients.

Multiple Pregnancy

There is an increased chance of multiple pregnancy when conception occurs in relationship to Clomid 50 mg Tablets therapy. The potential complications and hazards of multiple pregnancy should be discussed with the patient. During the clinical investigation studies, the incidence of multiple pregnancy was 7.9% (186 of 2369 Clomid 50 mg Tablets associated pregnancies on which outcome was reported). Among these 2369 pregnancies, 165 (6.9%) twin, 11 (0.5%) triplet, 7 (0.3%) quadruplet and 3 (0.13%) quintuplet. Of the 165 twin pregnancies for which sufficient information was available, the ratio of monozygotic twins was 1:5.

Ectopic Pregnancy

There is an increased chance of ectopic pregnancy (including tubal and ovarian sites) in women who conceive following Clomid 50 mg Tablets therapy. Multiple pregnancies, including simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancies, have been reported.

Uterine Fibroids

Caution should be exercised when using Clomid 50 mg Tablets in patients with uterine fibroids due to potential for further enlargement of the fibroids.

Pregnancy Wastage and Birth Anomalies

The overall incidence of reported birth anomalies from pregnancies associated with maternal Clomid 50 mg Tablets ingestion (before or after conception) during the investigational studies was within the range of that reported in the published references for the general population. Among the birth anomalies spontaneously reported in the published literature as individual cases, the proportion of neural tube defects has been high among pregnancies associated with ovulation induced by Clomid 50 mg Tablets, but this has not been supported by data from population-based studies.

The physician should explain so that the patient understands the assumed risk of any pregnancy whether the ovulation was induced with the aid of Clomid 50 mg Tablets or occurred naturally.

The patient should be informed of the greater pregnancy risks associated with certain characteristics or conditions of any pregnant woman: e.g. age of female and male partner, history of spontaneous abortions, Rh genotype, abnormal menstrual history, infertility history (regardless of cause), organic heart disease, diabetes, exposure to infectious agents such as rubella, familial history of birth anomaly, and other risk factors that may be pertinent to the patient for whom Clomid 50 mg Tablets is being considered. Based upon the evaluation of the patient, genetic counselling may be indicated.

Population based reports have been published on possible elevation of risk of Down’s Syndrome in ovulation induction cases and of increase in trisomy defects among spontaneously aborted fetuses from sub-fertile women receiving ovulation inducing drugs (no women with Clomid 50 mg Tablets alone and without additional inducing drug). However, as yet, the reported observations are too few to confirm or not confirm the presence of an increased risk that would justify amniocentesis other than for the usual indications because of age and family history.

The experience from patients of all diagnosis during clinical investigation of Clomid 50 mg Tablets shows a pregnancy (single and multiple) wastage or fetal loss rate of 21.4% (abortion rate of 19.0%), ectopic pregnancies, 1.18%, hydatidiform mole, 0.17%, fetus papyraceous, 0.04% and of pregnancies with one or more stillbirths, 1.01%.

Clomid 50 mg Tablets therapy after conception was reported for 158 of the 2369 delivered and reported pregnancies in the clinical investigations. Of these 158 pregnancies 8 infants (born of 7 pregnancies) were reported to have birth defects.

There was no difference in reported incidence of birth defects whether Clomid 50 mg Tablets was given before the 19th day after conception or between the 20th and 35th day after conception. This incidence is within the anticipated range of general population.

Ovarian Cancer

There have been rare reports of ovarian cancer with fertility drugs; infertility itself is a primary risk factor.

None stated.

Clomid 50 mg Tablets is not indicated during pregnancy. Although there is no evidence that Clomid 50 mg Tablets has a harmful effect on the human fetus, there is evidence that Clomid 50 mg Tablets has a deleterious effect on rat and rabbit fetuses when given in high doses to the pregnant animal. To avoid inadvertent Clomid 50 mg Tablets administration during early pregnancy, appropriate tests should be utilised during each treatment cycle to determine whether ovulation occurs. The patient should have a pregnancy test before the next course of Clomid 50 mg Tablets therapy.

It is not known whether Clomifene citrate is excreted in human milk. Clomifene may reduce lactation.

Patients should be warned that visual symptoms may render such activities as driving a car or operating machinery more hazardous than usual, particularly under conditions of variable lighting (see section 4.4).

Symptoms/Signs/Conditions

Adverse effects appeared to be dose-related, occurring more frequently at the higher dose and with the longer courses of treatment used in investigational studies. At recommended dosage, adverse effects are not prominent and infrequently interfere with treatment.

During the investigational studies, the more commonly reported adverse effects included ovarian enlargement (13.6%), vasomotor flushes (10.4%), abdominal--pelvic discomfort (distention, bloating) (5.5%), nausea and vomiting (2.2%), breast discomfort (2.1%), visual symptoms (1.5%), headache (1.3%) and intermenstrual spotting or menorrhagia (1.3%).

Ovarian enlargement

At recommended dosage, abnormal ovarian enlargement is infrequent although the usual cyclic variation in ovarian size may be exaggerated. Similarly, cyclic ovarian pain (mittelschmerz) may be accentuated. With higher or prolonged dosage, more frequent ovarian enlargement and cyst formation may occur, and the luteal phase of the cycle may be prolonged.

Rare instances of massive ovarian enlargement are recorded. Such an instance has been described in a patient with polycystic ovary syndrome whose Clomid 50 mg Tablets therapy consisted of 100 mg daily for 14 days. Abnormal ovarian enlargement usually regresses spontaneously; most of the patients with this condition should be treated conservatively.

Eye/Visual Symptoms

Symptoms described usually as “blurring” or spots or flashes (scintillating scotomata) increase in incidence with increasing total dose.

These symptoms appear to be due to intensification and prolongation of after-images. After-images as such have also been reported. Symptoms often first appear or are accentuated with exposure to bright-light environment. Ophthalmologically definable scotomata, phosphenes and reduced visual acuity have been reported.

There are rare reports of cataracts and optic neuritis.

These visual disturbances are usually reversible. However, cases of prolonged visual disturbance have been reported, including after Clomid 50 mg Tablets have been discontinued. The visual disturbances may be irreversible, especially with increased dosage or duration of therapy.

Genitourinary

There are reports of new cases of endometriosis and exacerbation of pre-existing endometriosis during Clomid 50 mg Tablets therapy.

Multiple pregnancies, including simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancies, have been reported. There is an increased chance of ectopic pregnancy in women who conceive following Clomid 50 mg Tablets therapy.

Reduced endometrial thickness (frequency not known)

Tumours/neoplasms

Isolated reports have been received on the occurrence of endocrine-related or dependent neoplasms or their aggravation (see section 4.4).

Central nervous system

Convulsions have been reported; patients with a history of seizures may be predisposed, transient paraesthesia (frequency not known), dizziness (frequency not known). In investigational patients, CNS symptoms/signs, conditions of dizziness, light-headedness/vertigo (0.9%), nervous tension/insomnia (0.8%) and fatigue/depression (0.7%) were reported. After prescription availability, there were isolated additional reports of these conditions and also reports of other conditions such as syncope/fainting, cerebrovascular accident, cerebral thrombosis, psychotic reactions including paranoid psychosis, neurologic impairment, disorientation and speech disturbance.

Psychiatric disorders

Anxiety (frequency not known), depression (frequency not known), mood disturbances (including mood altered, mood swings and irritability) (frequency not known), nervousness (frequency not known), insomnia (frequency not known).

Dermatoses

Dermatitis and rash were reported by investigational patients. Conditions such as rash and urticaria were the most common ones reported after prescription availability but also reported were conditions such as allergic reaction, erythema multiforme, ecchymosis and angioneurotic oedema. Hair thinning (alopecia) has been reported very rarely.

Liver function

Bromsulphalein (BSP) retention of greater than 5% was reported in 32 of 141 patients in whom it was measured, including 5 of 43 patients who took approximately the dose of Clomid 50 mg Tablets now recommended. Retention was usually minimal unless associated with prolonged continuous Clomid 50 mg Tablets administration or with apparently unrelated liver disease. Other liver function tests were usually normal. In a later study in which patients were given 6 consecutive monthly courses of Clomid 50 mg Tablets (50 mg or 100 mg daily for 3 days) or matching placebo, BSP tests were done on 94 patients. Values in excess of 5% retention were recorded in 11 patients, 6 of whom had taken drug and 5 placebos.

In a separate report, one patient taking 50 mg of Clomid 50 mg Tablets daily developed jaundice on the 19th day of treatment; liver biopsy revealed bile stasis without evidence of hepatitis.

Metabolism disorders

Hypertriglyceridemia (frequency not known), in some cases with pancreatitis, has been observed in patients with pre-existing or a family history of hypertriglyceridemia and/or with dose and duration of treatment exceeding the label recommendations.

Cardiac disorders

Tachycardia, (frequency not known) palpitations (frequency not known)

Hepatobiliary disorders

Increased Transaminases

Gastrointestinal disorders

Pancreatitis (frequency not known)

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.

Not applicable.