Source: FDA, National Drug Code (US) Revision Year: 2019
Ga 68 DOTATOC binds to somatostatin receptors, with highest affinity (Ki = 2.5 ± 0.5 nanomolar) for subtype 2 receptors (sstr2). Ga 68 DOTATOC binds to cells that express somatostatin receptors including malignant neuroendocrine cells, which overexpress sstr2 receptors. Gallium 68 is a β+ emitting radionuclide with associated 511 keV annihilation photons that allow positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
The relationship between Ga 68 DOTATOC plasma concentrations and successful imaging was not explored in clinical trials.
Ga 68 DOTATOC distributes to all sstr2-expressing organs such as pituitary, thyroid, spleen, adrenals, kidney, pancreas, prostate, liver, and salivary glands. Uptake in the lung and lymph nodes are lower as compared to other sstr-2 expressing organs.
Radiotracer elimination is exclusively via urine. Approximately 16% of the injected dose is excreted in urine in the first two to four hours post-injection.
The safety and efficacy of Ga-68 DOTATOC Injection were established in two single-center, open-label studies (Study A and Study B) in which 282 patients with known or suspected SSTR-positive NETs received a single dose of Ga-68 DOTATOC. A total of 238 of the 282 patients (84%) had a history of neoplasm at the time of Ga-68 DOTATOC imaging. Among the 282 patients, 59% were female and 95% white; the mean age was 54 years (range from 4 to 82 years).
The Ga-68 DOTATOC images were rated by two independent readers blinded to clinical information as either positive or negative for NET within each patient. The imaging results were compared to a composite reference consisting of histopathology and imaging (MR, CT, or In-111 pentetreotide imaging) acquired within 1 year of the Ga-68 DOTATOC imaging, as well as chromogranin A and pancreastatin levels. The proportion of patients positive for NET per composite reference who were identified as positive by the Ga-68 DOTATOC image was used to quantify positive percent agreement. The proportion of patients without NET per composite reference who were identified as negative by the Ga-68 DOTATOC image was used to quantify negative percent agreement.
Study A (NCT: 01619865) included 220 subjects with known or suspected SSTR positive tumors referred for diagnosis or evaluation of disease extension before or after treatment. A total of 178 of the 220 patients (81%) had a history of neoplasm at the time of Ga-68 DOTATOC imaging. In 177 of the 220 patients, sufficient data to establish NET status per composite reference was available for efficacy evaluation. Table 6 shows the performance of Ga-68 DOTATOC in the detection of NETs for Study A.
Table 6. Study A. Performance of Ga-68 DOTATOC in the detection of NET by reader:
| N = 177 | NET status as identified by reader | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Negative | ||
| Reader 1 | Positive | 121 | 5 |
| Negative | 12 | 39 | |
| Agreement ()* (95 CI)† | 91 (85, 95) | 89 (75, 96) | |
| Reader 2 | Positive | 120 | 6 |
| Negative | 13 | 38 | |
| Agreement ()* (95 CI)† | 90 (84, 95) | 86 (73, 95) | |
N: number of patients, CI: confidence interval
* Percent reader agreement with reference;
† Exact method
Study B (NCT: 01869725) included 62 patients with histologically positive NET or other SSTR positive tumor referred for evaluation of disease before or after treatment. In 59 of the 62 patients, sufficient data to establish NET status per composite reference was available for efficacy evaluation. The estimated positive and negative percent agreements were 92% and 75% for reader 1 and 90% and 75% for reader 2, respectively.
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