Source: European Medicines Agency (EU) Revision Year: 2020 Publisher: Novartis Europharm Limited, Vista Building, Elm Park, Merrion Road, Dublin 4, Ireland
Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to peanut, soya or any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
The efficacy and safety of ribociclib have not been studied in patients with critical visceral disease.
Based on the severity of the neutropenia, treatment with Kisqali may have to be interrupted, reduced or discontinued as described in Table 2 (see sections 4.2 and 4.8).
Liver function tests should be performed before initiating treatment with Kisqali. After initiating treatment, liver function should be monitored (see sections 4.2 and 4.8).
Based on the severity of the transaminase elevations, treatment with Kisqali may have to be interrupted, reduced or discontinued as described in Table 3 (see sections 4.2 and 4.8). Recommendations for patients who have elevated AST/ALT grade ≥3 at baseline have not been established.
In study E2301 (MONALEESA-7), a QTcF interval increase >60 msec from baseline was observed in 14/87 (16.1%) patients receiving Kisqali plus tamoxifen and in 18/245 (7.3%) patients receiving Kisqali plus a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (NSAI). Kisqali is not recommended to be used in combination with tamoxifen (see sections 4.8 and 5.1).
ECG should be assessed before initiating treatment. Treatment with Kisqali should be initiated only in patients with QTcF values less than 450 msec. ECG should be repeated at approximately day 14 of the first cycle and at the beginning of the second cycle, then as clinically indicated (see sections 4.2 and 4.8).
Appropriate monitoring of serum electrolytes (including potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium) should be performed before initiating treatment, at the beginning of the first 6 cycles and then as clinically indicated. Any abnormality should be corrected before initiating treatment with Kisqali and during treatment with Kisqali.
The use of Kisqali should be avoided in patients who already have or who are at significant risk of developing QTc prolongation. This includes patients:
The use of Kisqali with medicinal products known to prolong QTc interval and/or strong CYP3A4 inhibitors should be avoided as this may lead to clinically meaningful prolongation of the QTcF interval (see sections 4.2, 4.5 and 5.1). If treatment with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be avoided, the dose should be reduced to 400 mg once daily (see sections 4.2 and 4.5).
Based on the observed QT prolongation during treatment, treatment with Kisqali may have to be interrupted, reduced or discontinued as described in Table 4 (see sections 4.2, 4.8 and 5.2).
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) has been reported with Kisqali treatment. If signs and symptoms suggestive of severe cutaneous reactions (e.g. progressive widespread skin rash often with blisters or mucosal lesions) appear, Kisqali should be discontinued immediately.
ILD/pneumonitis has been reported with CDK4/6 inhibitors including Kisqali. In the 3 phase III clinical studies (MONALEESA-2 [A2301], MONALEESA-7 [E2301-NSAI] and MONALEESA-3 [F2301]), ILD (any grade 0.3%, including 0.1% grade 3) was reported in the Kisqali-treated group, with no cases in the placebo-treated group. Pneumonitis was reported in both the Kisqali- and the placebo-treated groups (any grade 0.4%, with no grade 3 or 4 in either treatment group).
Based on the severity of the ILD/pneumonitis, which may be fatal, Kisqali may require dose interruption, reduction or discontinuation as described in Table 5 (see section 4.2).
Patients should be monitored for pulmonary symptoms indicative of ILD/pneumonitis which may include hypoxia, cough and dyspnoea and dose modifications should be managed in accordance with Table 5 (see section 4.2)
Ribociclib is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor at the 600 mg dose and a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor at the 400 mg dose. Thus, ribociclib may interact with medicinal products which are metabolised via CYP3A4, which may lead to increased serum concentrations of CYP3A4 substrates (see section 4.5). Caution is recommended in case of concomitant use with sensitive CYP3A4 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index and the SmPC of the other product should be consulted for the recommendations regarding co-administration with CYP3A4 inhibitors.
Women of childbearing potential should be advised to use an effective method of contraception while taking Kisqali and for at least 21 days after the last dose (see section 4.6).
Kisqali contains soya lecithin. Patients who are hypersensitive to peanut or soya should not take Kisqali (see section 4.3).
Ribociclib is primarily metabolised by CYP3A4. Therefore, medicinal products that can influence CYP3A4 enzyme activity may alter the pharmacokinetics of ribociclib. Co-administration of the strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir (100 mg twice daily for 14 days) with a single 400 mg dose of ribociclib increased ribociclib exposure (AUCinf) and the peak concentration (Cmax) in healthy subjects 3.2 and 1.7-fold, respectively, relative to a single 400 mg ribociclib dose given alone. Cmax and AUClast for LEQ803 (a prominent metabolite of ribociclib accounting for less than 10% of parent exposure) decreased by 96% and 98%, respectively.
The concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors including, but not limited to, the following must be avoided: clarithromycin, indinavir, itraconazole, ketoconazole, lopinavir, ritonavir, nefazodone, nelfinavir, posaconazole, saquinavir, telaprevir, telithromycin, verapamil and voriconazole (see section 4.4). Alternative concomitant medicinal products with less potential to inhibit CYP3A4 should be considered and patients should be monitored for ribociclib-related AEs (see sections 4.2, 4.4 and 5.2).
If co-administration of Kisqali with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be avoided, the dose of Kisqali should be reduced as described in section 4.2. However, there are no clinical data with these dose adjustments. Due to inter-patient variability, the recommended dose adjustments may not be optimal in all patients, therefore close monitoring for ribociclib-related AEs is recommended. In the event of ribociclib-related toxicity, the dose should be modified or treatment should be interrupted until toxicity is resolved (see sections 4.2 and 5.2). If the strong CYP3A4 inhibitor is discontinued, and after at least 5 half-lives of the CYP3A4 inhibitor (refer to the SmPC of the CYP3A4 inhibitor in question), Kisqali should be resumed at the same dose used prior to the initiation of the strong CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic simulations suggested that at a 600 mg dose of ribociclib, a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor (erythromycin) may increase ribociclib steady-state Cmax and AUC 1.2-fold and 1.3-fold, respectively. For patients who had their ribociclib dose reduced to 400 mg once daily, the increase of the steady-state Cmax and AUC was estimated to be 1.4- and 2.1-fold, respectively. The effect at the 200 mg once-daily dose was predicted to be a 1.7- and 2.8-fold increase, respectively. No dose adjustments of ribociclib are required at initiation of treatment with mild or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. However, monitoring of ribociclib-related AEs is recommended.
Patients should be instructed to avoid grapefruit or grapefruit juice. These are known to inhibit cytochrome CYP3A4 enzymes and may increase the exposure to ribociclib.
Co-administration of the strong CYP3A4 inducer rifampicin (600 mg daily for 14 days) with a single 600 mg dose of ribociclib decreased the ribociclib AUCinf and Cmax by 89% and 81%, respectively, relative to a single 600 mg ribociclib dose given alone in healthy subjects. LEQ803 Cmax increased 1.7-fold and AUCinf decreased by 27%, respectively. The concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inducers may therefore lead to decreased exposure and consequently a risk for lack of efficacy. The concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inducers should be avoided, including, but not limited to, phenytoin, rifampicin, carbamazepine and St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum). An alternative concomitant medicinal product with no or minimal potential to induce CYP3A4 should be considered.
The effect of a moderate CYP3A4 inducer on ribociclib exposure has not been studied. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic simulations suggested that a moderate CYP3A4 inducer (efavirenz) may decrease steady-state ribociclib Cmax and AUC by 51% and 70%, respectively. The concomitant use of moderate CYP3A4 inducers may therefore lead to decreased exposure and consequently a risk for impaired efficacy, in particular in patients treated with ribociclib at 400 mg or 200 mg once daily.
Ribociclib is a moderate to strong CYP3A4 inhibitor and may interact with medicinal substrates that are metabolised via CYP3A4, which can lead to increased serum concentrations of the concomitantly used medicinal product.
Co-administration of midazolam (CYP3A4 substrate) with multiple doses of Kisqali (400 mg) increased the midazolam exposure by 280% (3.80-fold) in healthy subjects, compared with administration of midazolam alone. Simulations using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models suggested that Kisqali given at the clinically relevant dose of 600 mg is expected to increase the midazolam AUC by 5.2-fold. Therefore, in general, when ribociclib is co-administered with other medicinal products, the SmPC of the other medicinal product must be consulted for the recommendations regarding co-administration with CYP3A4 inhibitors. Caution is recommended in case of concomitant use with sensitive CYP3A4 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index (see section 4.4). The dose of a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate with a narrow therapeutic index, including but not limited to alfentanil, ciclosporin, everolimus, fentanyl, sirolimus and tacrolimus, may need to be reduced as ribociclib can increase their exposure.
Concomitant administration of ribociclib at the 600 mg dose with the following CYP3A4 substrates should be avoided: alfuzosin, amiodarone, cisapride, pimozide, quinidine, ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, quetiapine, lovastatin, simvastatin, sildenafil, midazolam, triazolam.
Co-administration of caffeine (CYP1A2 substrate) with multiple doses of Kisqali (400 mg) increased the caffeine exposure by 20% (1.20-fold) in healthy subjects, compared with administration of caffeine alone. At the clinically relevant dose of 600 mg, simulations using PBPK models predicted only weak inhibitory effects of ribociclib on CYP1A2 substrates (<2-fold increase in AUC).
In vitro evaluations indicated that ribociclib has a potential to inhibit the activities of drug transporters P-gp, BCRP, OATP1B1/1B3, OCT1, OCT2, MATE1 and BSEP. Caution and monitoring for toxicity are advised during concomitant treatment with sensitive substrates of these transporters which exhibit a narrow therapeutic index, including but not limited to digoxin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin and metformin.
Kisqali can be administered with or without food (see sections 4.2 and 5.2).
Ribociclib exhibits high solubility at or below pH 4.5 and in bio-relevant media (at pH 5.0 and 6.5). Co-administration of ribociclib with medicinal products that elevate the gastric pH was not evaluated in a clinical study; however, altered ribociclib absorption was not observed in population pharmacokinetic and non–compartmental pharmacokinetic analyses.
Data from a clinical study in patients with breast cancer and population pharmacokinetic analysis indicated no drug interaction between ribociclib and letrozole following co-administration of these medicinal products.
Data from a clinical study in patients with breast cancer indicated no clinically relevant drug interaction between ribociclib and anastrozole following co-administration of these medicinal products.
Data from a clinical study in patients with breast cancer indicated no clinically relevant effects of fulvestrant on ribociclib exposure following co-administration of these medicinal products.
Data from a clinical study in patients with breast cancer indicated that tamoxifen exposure was increased approximately 2-fold following co-administration of ribociclib and tamoxifen.
Drug-drug interaction studies between ribociclib and oral contraceptives have not been conducted (see section 4.6).
Co-administration of Kisqali with medicinal products with a known potential to prolong the QT interval such as anti-arrhythmic medicinal products (including, but not limited to, amiodarone, disopyramide, procainamide, quinidine and sotalol), and other medicinal products that are known to prolong the QT interval (including, but not limited to, chloroquine, halofantrine, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, azithromycin, haloperidol, methadone, moxifloxacin, bepridil, pimozide and intravenous ondansetron) should be avoided (see section 4.4). Kisqali is also not recommended to be used in combination with tamoxifen (see sections 4.1, 4.4 and 5.1).
Pregnancy status should be verified prior to starting treatment with Kisqali.
Women of childbearing potential who are receiving Kisqali should use effective contraception (e.g. double-barrier contraception) during therapy and for at least 21 days after stopping treatment with Kisqali.
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Based on findings in animals, ribociclib can cause foetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman (see section 5.3). Kisqali is not recommended during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential not using contraception.
It is not known if ribociclib is present in human milk. There are no data on the effects of ribociclib on the breast-fed infant or the effects of ribociclib on milk production. Ribociclib and its metabolites readily passed into the milk of lactating rats. Patients receiving Kisqali should not breast-feed for at least 21 days after the last dose.
There are no clinical data available regarding effects of ribociclib on fertility. Based on animal studies, ribociclib may impair fertility in males of reproductive potential (see section 5.3).
Kisqali may have minor influence on the ability to drive and use machines. Patients should be advised to be cautious when driving or using machines in case they experience fatigue, dizziness or vertigo during treatment with Kisqali (see section 4.8).
The most common ADRs and the most common grade ¾ ADRs (reported at a frequency ≥20% and ≥2%, respectively) in the pooled dataset for which the frequency for Kisqali plus any combination exceeds the frequency for placebo plus any combination were infections, neutropenia, leukopenia, headache, cough, nausea, fatigue, diarrhoea, vomiting, constipation, alopecia and rash, and infections, neutropenia, leukopenia, anaemia, abnormal liver function tests, lymphopenia, hypophosphataemia and vomiting respectively.
Dose reduction due to adverse events, regardless of causality, occurred in 37.3% of patients receiving Kisqali in the phase III clinical studies regardless of the combination and permanent discontinuation was reported in 7.0% of patients receiving Kisqali and any combination in the phase III clinical studies.
The overall safety evaluation of Kisqali is based on the pooled dataset from 1,065 patients who received Kisqali in combination with endocrine therapy (N=582 in combination with an aromatase inhibitor and N=483 in combination with fulvestrant) and who were included in the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III clinical studies (MONALEESA-2, MONALEESA-7 NSAI subgroup and MONALEESA-3) in HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Additional ADRs were identified post-marketing.
The median duration of exposure to Kisqali treatment across the pooled phase III studies dataset was 21.7 months, with 61.7% patients exposed ≥12 months.
Adverse drug reactions from the phase III clinical studies (Table 7) are listed by MedDRA system organ class. Within each system organ class, the adverse drug reactions are ranked by frequency, with the most frequent reactions first. Within each frequency grouping, adverse drug reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness. In addition, the corresponding frequency category for each adverse drug reaction is based on the following convention (CIOMS III): very common (≥1/10); common (≥1/100 to <1/10); uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100); rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000); very rare (<1/10,000); and not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).
Table 7. Adverse drug reactions observed in the three phase III clinical studies and during post-marketing experience:
Very common: Infections1
Very common: Neutropenia, leukopenia, anaemia, lymphopenia
Common: Thrombocytopenia, febrile neutropenia
Very common: Decreased appetite
Common: Hypocalcaemia, hypokalaemia, hypophosphataemia
Very common: Headache, dizziness
Common: Vertigo
Common: Lacrimation increased, dry eye
Common: Syncope
Very common: Dyspnoea, cough
Very common: Nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, constipation, stomatitis, abdominal pain2, dyspepsia
Common: Dysgeusia
Common: Hepatotoxicity3
Very common: Alopecia, rash4, pruritus
Common: Erythema, dry skin, vitiligo
Not known: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)*
Very common: Back pain
Very common: Fatigue, peripheral oedema, asthenia, pyrexia
Common: Dry mouth, oropharyngeal pain
Very common: Abnormal liver function tests5
Common: Blood creatinine increased, electrocardiogram QT prolonged
1 Infections: urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, gastroenteritis, sepsis (<1%).
2 Abdominal pain: abdominal pain, abdominal pain upper.
3 Hepatotoxicity: hepatocellular injury, drug-induced liver injury (<1%), hepatotoxicity, hepatic failure, autoimmune hepatitis (single case).
4 Rash: rash, rash maculopapular, rash pruritic.
5 Abnormal liver function tests: ALT increased, AST increased, blood bilirubin increased.
* Adverse reactions reported during post-marketing experience. These are derived from spontaneous reports for which it is not always possible to reliably establish frequency or a causal relationship to exposure to the medicinal product.
Neutropenia was the most frequently reported adverse drug reaction (73.7%) and a grade 3 or 4 decrease in neutrophil counts (based on laboratory findings) was reported in 58.6% of patients receiving Kisqali plus any combination in the phase III studies.
Among the patients who had grade 2, 3 or 4 neutropenia, the median time to onset was 16 days, for those patients who had an event. The median time to resolution of grade ≥3 (to normalisation or grade <3) was 12 days in the Kisqali plus any combination arms following treatment interruption and/or reduction and/or discontinuation. Febrile neutropenia was reported in about 1.4% of patients exposed to Kisqali in the phase III studies. Patients should be instructed to report any fever promptly.
Based on its severity, neutropenia was managed by laboratory monitoring, dose interruption and/or dose modification. Treatment discontinuation due to neutropenia was low (0.8%) (see sections 4.2 and 4.4).
In the phase III clinical studies, hepatobiliary toxicity events occurred in a higher proportion of patients in the Kisqali plus any combination arms compared with the placebo plus any combination arms (23.2% versus 16.5%, respectively), with more grade ¾ adverse events reported in the patients treated with Kisqali plus any combination (11.4% versus 5.4%, respectively). Increases in transaminases were observed. Grade 3 or 4 increases in ALT (9.7% versus 1.5%) and AST (6.7% versus 2.1%) were reported in the Kisqali and placebo arms, respectively. Concurrent elevations in ALT or AST greater than three times the upper limit of normal and total bilirubin greater than two times the upper limit of normal, with normal alkaline phosphatase, in the absence of cholestasis occurred in 6 patients (4 patients in Study A2301 [MONALEESA-2], whose levels recovered to normal within 154 days and 2 patients in Study F2301 [MONALEESA-3], whose levels recovered to normal in 121 and 532 days, respectively, after discontinuation of Kisqali). There were no such cases reported in Study E2301 (MONALEESA-7).
Dose interruptions and/or adjustments due to hepatobiliary toxicity events were reported in 10.4% of Kisqali plus any combination treated patients, primarily due to ALT increased (6.9%) and/or AST increased (6.1%). Discontinuation of treatment with Kisqali plus any combination due to abnormal liver function tests or hepatotoxicity occurred in 2.3% and 0.4% of patients respectively (see sections 4.2 and 4.4).
In the phase III clinical studies, 83.2% (89/107) of grade 3 or 4 ALT or AST elevation events occurred within the first 6 months of treatment. Among the patients who had grade 3 or 4 ALT/AST elevation, the median time to onset was 85 days for the Kisqali plus any combination arms. The median time to resolution (to normalisation or grade ≤2) was 22 days in the Kisqali plus any combination arms.
In study E2301 (MONALEESA-7), the observed mean QTcF increase from baseline was approximately 10 msec higher in the tamoxifen plus placebo subgroup compared with the NSAI plus placebo subgroup, suggesting that tamoxifen alone had a QTcF prolongation effect which can contribute to the QTcF values observed in the Kisqali plus tamoxifen group. In the placebo arm, a QTcF interval increase of >60 msec from baseline occurred in 6/90 (6.7%) patients receiving tamoxifen and in no patients receiving a NSAI (see section 5.2). A QTcF interval increase of >60 msec from baseline was observed in 14/87 (16.1%) patients receiving Kisqali plus tamoxifen and in 18/245 (7.3%) patients receiving Kisqali plus a NSAI. Kisqali is not recommended to be used in combination with tamoxifen (see section 5.1).
In the phase III clinical studies 8.4% of patients in the Kisqali plus aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant arms and 3.2% in the placebo plus aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant arms had at least one event of QT interval prolongation (including ECG QT prolonged and syncope). Review of ECG data showed 14 patients (1.3%) had >500 msec post-baseline QTcF value, and 59 patients (5.6%) had a >60 msec increase from baseline in QTcF intervals. There were no reported cases of torsade de pointes. Dose interruptions/adjustments were reported in 2.3% of Kisqali plus aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant treated patients due to electrocardiogram QT prolonged and syncope.
The analysis of ECG data showed 52 patients (4.9%) and 11 patients (1.4%) with at least one >480 msec post-baseline QTcF for the Kisqali plus aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant arms and the placebo plus aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant arms, respectively. Amongst the patients who had QTcF prolongation >480 msec, the median time to onset was 15 days regardless of the combination and these changes were reversible with dose interruption and/or dose reduction (see sections 4.2, 4.4 and 5.2).
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the national reporting system listed in Appendix V.
Not applicable.
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