Source: Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (GB) Revision Year: 2016 Publisher: Generics [UK] Limited t/a Mylan, Station Close, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 1TL, United Kingdom
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Antirheumatic drugs
ATC code: M01CC01
Penicillamine is a thiol-group containing chelating agent, variably absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The drug undergoes a rapid distribution phase, followed by a slower elimination phase.
Penicillamine is strongly plasma-protein bound. Most penicillamine is bound to albumin but some is bound to α-globulins or ceruloplasmin.
Penicillamine is not extensively metabolised in man.
About 80% of the absorbed dose is excreted rapidly in the urine, mostly as mixed disulphides. Some of the dose is excreted as a penicillamine copper complex and some as the S-methyl derivative.
Penicillamine has been shown to be teratogenic in rats when given in doses several times higher than those recommended for human use.
There is no known LD50 value for penicillamine. In studies some rats died after oral administration of 10,000 mg/kg, but intra-peritoneal injections of a dose of 660 mg/kg caused no deaths.
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