XPOVIO Film-coated tablet Ref.[10395] Active ingredients: Selinexor

5.1 Thrombocytopenia

XPOVIO can cause life-threatening thrombocytopenia, potentially leading to hemorrhage. Thrombocytopenia is the leading cause of dosage modifications [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

In patients with multiple myeloma receiving XPOVIO 80 mg twice weekly (n=202), thrombocytopenia was reported as an adverse reaction in 74% of patients, and severe (Grade 3-4) thrombocytopenia was reported in 61% of patients. The median time to onset of the first event was 22 days. Bleeding occurred in 23% of patients with thrombocytopenia, clinically significant bleeding occurred in 5% of patients with thrombocytopenia, and fatal hemorrhage occurred in <1% of patients.

In patients with DLBCL receiving XPOVIO 60 mg twice weekly (n=134), thrombocytopenia developed or worsened in 86% of patients, including Grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia in 49% of patients (Grade 4, 18%). The median time to first onset was 28 days for any-grade thrombocytopenia and 33 days for Grade 3 or higher thrombocytopenia.

Monitor platelet counts at baseline and throughout treatment. Monitor more frequently during the first three months of treatment. Institute platelet transfusion and/or other treatments as clinically indicated. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of bleeding and evaluate promptly. Interrupt, reduce dose, or permanently discontinue based on severity of adverse reaction [see Dosage and Administration (2.5)].

5.2 Neutropenia

XPOVIO can cause life-threatening neutropenia, potentially increasing the risk of infection [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

In patients with multiple myeloma (n=202), neutropenia was reported as an adverse reaction in 34% of patients and severe (Grade 3-4) neutropenia occurred in 21% of patients treated with XPOVIO. The median time to onset of the first event was 25 days. Febrile neutropenia was reported in 3% of patients.

In patients with DLBCL (n=134), Grade 3 neutropenia developed in 21% of patients and Grade 4 neutropenia developed in 9% of patients. The median time to first onset of Grade 3 or higher neutropenia was 32 days. Febrile neutropenia was reported in 3% of patients.

Obtain white blood cell counts with differential at baseline and throughout treatment. Monitor more frequently during the first three months of treatment. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of concomitant infection and evaluate promptly. Consider supportive measures, including antimicrobials and growth factors (e.g., G-CSF). Interrupt, reduce dose or permanently discontinue based on severity of adverse reaction [see Dosage and Administration (2.5)].

5.3 Gastrointestinal Toxicity

XPOVIO can cause severe gastrointestinal toxicities [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. In patients with DLBCL (n=134), gastrointestinal toxicity occurred in 80% of patients with Grade 3 or 4 in 13%.

Nausea / Vomiting

In patients with multiple myeloma (n=202), with use of antiemetic prophylaxis, nausea was reported as an adverse reaction in 72% of patients and Grade 3 nausea occurred in 9% of patients treated with XPOVIO. The median time to first onset of nausea was 3 days. Vomiting was reported in 41% of patients, and Grade 3 vomiting occurred in 4% of patients. The median time to first onset of vomiting was 5 days.

In patients with DLBCL (n=134) with use of antiemetic prophylaxis, nausea occurred in 57% of patients and Grade 3 nausea occurred in 6% of patients. Vomiting occurred in 28% of patients and Grade 3 vomiting occurred in 1.5% of patients. The median time to first onset was 3 days for nausea and 7 days for vomiting.

Provide prophylactic antiemetics. Administer 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and other anti-nausea agents prior to and during treatment with XPOVIO. Interrupt, reduce dose or permanently discontinue based on severity of adverse reaction [see Dosage and Administration (2.5)]. Administer intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration and replace electrolytes as clinically indicated.

Diarrhea

In patients with multiple myeloma, diarrhea was reported as an adverse reaction in 44% of patients and Grade 3 diarrhea occurred in 6% of patients treated with XPOVIO. The median time to onset of diarrhea was 15 days.

In patients with DLBCL, diarrhea occurred in 37% of patients and Grade 3 diarrhea occurred in 3% of patients treated with XPOVIO. The median time to onset of the first event was 12 days.

Interrupt, reduce dose or permanently discontinue based on severity of adverse reaction [see Dosage and Administration (2.5)]. Provide standard anti-diarrheal agents, administer intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration and replace electrolytes as clinically indicated.

Anorexia / Weight Loss

In patients with multiple myeloma, anorexia was reported as an adverse reaction in 53% of patients, and Grade 3 anorexia occurred in 5% of patients treated with XPOVIO. The median time to onset of anorexia was 8 days. Weight loss was reported as an adverse reaction in 47% of patients, and Grade 3 weight loss occurred in 1% of patients treated with XPOVIO. The median time to onset of weight loss was 15 days.

In patients with DLBCL, anorexia was reported as an adverse reaction in 37% of patients and Grade 3 anorexia occurred in 3.7% of patients treated with XPOVIO. Weight loss (Grade 1-2) was reported as an adverse reaction in 30% of patients.

Monitor weight, nutritional status, and volume status at baseline and throughout treatment. Monitor more frequently during the first three months of treatment. Interrupt, reduce dose or permanently discontinue based on severity of adverse reaction [see Dosage and Administration (2.5)]. Provide nutritional support, fluids, and electrolyte repletion as clinically indicated.

5.4 Hyponatremia

XPOVIO can cause severe or life-threatening hyponatremia [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

In patients with multiple myeloma (n=202), hyponatremia was reported as an adverse reaction in 39% of patients and Grade 3 or 4 hyponatremia was reported in 22% of patients treated with XPOVIO. The median time to onset of the first event was 8 days.

In patients with DLBCL (n=134), hyponatremia developed in 62% of patients and Grade 3 hyponatremia developed in 16% of patients treated with XPOVIO. In approximately 63% of cases, hyponatremia occurred in the context of gastrointestinal toxicity such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, and anorexia.

Monitor sodium level at baseline and throughout treatment. Monitor more frequently during the first two months of treatment. Correct sodium levels for concurrent hyperglycemia (serum glucose >150 mg/dL) and high serum paraprotein levels. Assess hydration status and manage hyponatremia per clinical guidelines, including intravenous saline and/or salt tablets as appropriate and dietary review. Interrupt, reduce dose or permanently discontinue based on severity of the adverse reaction [see Dosage and Administration (2.5)].

5.5 Serious Infection

XPOVIO can cause serious and fatal infections. Most of these infections were not associated with Grade 3 or higher neutropenia [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

In patients with multiple myeloma (n=202), 52% of patients experienced any grade of infection after XPOVIO. Grade ≥3 infections were reported in 25% of patients, and deaths from infection occurred in 4% of patients within 30 days of last treatment. Upper respiratory tract infection of any grade occurred in 21%, pneumonia in 13%, and sepsis in 6% of patients. The most frequently reported Grade ≥3 infections were pneumonia in 9% of patients, followed by sepsis in 6%. The median time to onset was 54 days for pneumonia and 42 days for sepsis.

In patients with DLBCL (n=134), 25% of patients experienced Grade 3 or higher infection and 21% had an infection-related serious adverse reaction; 49% developed an infection of any grade, most frequently involving the upper or lower respiratory tract. The most frequently reported Grade ≥3 infections were lower respiratory tract infections in 9% of patients (including pneumonia in 6%), followed by sepsis (6%). The median time to onset of Grade ≥3 infection was 42 days.

Atypical infections reported after XPOVIO include, but are not limited to, fungal pneumonia and herpesvirus infection.

Monitor for signs and symptoms of infection, evaluate and treat promptly.

5.6 Neurological Toxicity

XPOVIO can cause life-threatening neurological toxicities [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

In patients with multiple myeloma (n=202), neurological adverse reactions, including dizziness, syncope, depressed level of consciousness, and mental status changes (including delirium and confusional state) occurred in 30% of patients and severe events (Grade 3-4) occurred in 9% of patients treated with XPOVIO. The median time to the first event was 15 days.

In patients with DLBCL (n=134), neurological adverse reactions occurred in 25% of patients and severe events (Grade 3-4) occurred in 6% of patients treated with XPOVIO. The most frequent manifestations were dizziness (16%) and mental status changes (11%), including confusion, cognitive disorders, somnolence, hallucination, delirium, and depressed level of consciousness. Syncope occurred in 2.2% of patients. The median time to the first event was 28 days. Among patients with such neurological adverse reactions, 68% recovered with a median time to recovery of 14 days.

Coadministration of XPOVIO with other products that cause dizziness or mental status changes may increase the risk of neurological toxicity.

Advise patients to refrain from driving and engaging in hazardous occupations or activities, such as operating heavy or potentially dangerous machinery, until the neurological toxicity fully resolves. Optimize hydration status, hemoglobin level, and concomitant medications to avoid exacerbating dizziness or mental status changes. Institute fall precautions as appropriate.

5.7 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

Based on data from animal studies and its mechanism of action, XPOVIO can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Selinexor administration to pregnant animals during organogenesis resulted in structural abnormalities and alterations to growth at exposures below those occurring clinically at the recommended dose.

Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential and males with a female partner of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with XPOVIO and for 1 week after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3)].

The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described in detail in other labeling sections:

• Thrombocytopenia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
• Neutropenia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
• Gastrointestinal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
• Hyponatremia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
• Serious Infection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].
• Neurological Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Multiple Myeloma

The safety of XPOVIO in combination with dexamethasone was evaluated in STORM [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]. Patients received XPOVIO 80 mg orally with dexamethasone 20 mg on Days 1 and 3 of every week (n=202). The median duration of XPOVIO treatment was 8 weeks (range: 1 to 60 weeks). The median dose was 115 mg (range: 36 to 200 mg) per week.

Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 9% of XPOVIO treated patients. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 58% of patients.

The treatment discontinuation rate due to adverse reactions was 27%; 53% of patients had a reduction in the XPOVIO dose, and 65% had the dose of XPOVIO interrupted. Thrombocytopenia was the leading cause of dose modification, resulting in dose reduction and/or interruption in >25% of patients. The most frequent adverse reactions requiring permanent discontinuation in 4% or greater of patients who received XPOVIO included fatigue, nausea, and thrombocytopenia.

Table 5 summarizes the adverse reactions in STORM.

Table 5. Adverse Reactions (≥10%) in Patients Who Received XPOVIO in STORM:

^a Thrombocytopenia includes thrombocytopenia and platelet count decreased.
^b Fatigue includes fatigue and asthenia.
^c Anemia includes anemia and hematocrit decreased.
^d Neutropenia includes neutropenia and neutrophil count decreased.
^e Dyspnea includes dyspnea, dyspnea exertional, and dyspnea at rest.
^f Upper respiratory tract infection includes upper respiratory tract infection, respiratory tract infection, pharyngitis, nasopharyngitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, respiratory syncytial virus infection, parainfluenza virus infection, rhinitis, rhinovirus infection, and adenovirus infection.
^g Cough includes cough, productive cough, and upper-airway cough syndrome.
^h Mental status changes includes mental status changes, confusional state, and delirium.
ⁱ. Hypercreatininemia includes hypercreatininemia and hypercreatinemia.
^j Pneumonia includes pneumonia, atypical pneumonia, lung infection, lower respiratory tract infection, pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, pneumonia aspiration, pneumonia influenzal, and pneumonia viral.
^k Includes fatal event.

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

The safety of XPOVIO was evaluated in SADAL [see Clinical Studies (14.2)]. Patients received XPOVIO 60 mg orally on Days 1 and 3 of every week (n=134). The study required an absolute neutrophil count ≥1000/μL, platelet count ≥75,000/μL, hepatic transaminases ≤2.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN) unless abnormal from lymphoma, and bilirubin ≤2 times ULN. The study permitted a maximum of 5 prior systemic regimens for DLBCL. Antiemetic prophylaxis with a 5HT-3 receptor antagonist was required. The median duration of XPOVIO treatment was 2.1 months (range: 1 week to 3.7 years) with 38% receiving at least 3 months and 22% receiving at least 6 months of treatment. The median exposure was 100 mg per week.

Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 3.7% of patients within 30 days and 5% of patients within 60 days of last treatment; the most frequent fatal adverse reaction was infection (4.5% of patients). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 46% of patients who received XPOVIO; the most frequent serious adverse reaction was infection (21% of patients).

Discontinuation due to adverse reactions occurred in 17% of patients who received XPOVIO. Adverse reactions which results in discontinuation in ≥2% of patients included: infection, fatigue, thrombocytopenia, and nausea.

Adverse reactions led to XPOVIO dose interruption in 61% of patients and dose reduction in 49%, with 17% of all patients having 2 or more dose reductions. The median time to first dose modification (reduction or interruption) was 4 weeks, with the leading causes being thrombocytopenia (40% of all patients), neutropenia (16%), fatigue (16%), nausea (10%), and anemia (10%). The median time to first dose reduction was 6 weeks, with 83% of first dose reductions occurring within the first 3 months.

The most common adverse reactions, excluding laboratory abnormalities, in ≥20% of patients were fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, appetite decrease, weight decrease, constipation, vomiting, and pyrexia. Table 6 summarizes selected adverse reactions in SADAL.

Table 6. Adverse Reactions (≥10%), Excluding Laboratory Terms, in Patients with DLBCL Who Received XPOVIO in SADAL:

^a Fatigue includes fatigue and asthenia.
^b Edema includes edema, swelling, swelling face, edema peripheral, peripheral swelling, acute pulmonary edema.
^c Diarrhea includes diarrhea, post-procedural diarrhea, gastroenteritis. |
^d Abdominal pain includes abdominal pain, abdominal pain upper, abdominal discomfort, epigastric discomfort.
^e Appetite decrease includes decreased appetite and hypophagia.
^f Cough includes cough and productive cough.
^g Dyspnea includes dyspnea and dyspnea exertional.
^h Upper respiratory tract infection includes upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, nasopharyngitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis, viral upper respiratory infection.
ⁱ Urinary tract infection includes urinary tract infection and specific types of urinary tract infection.
^j Dizziness includes dizziness and vertigo.
^k Taste disorder includes taste disorder, dysgeusia, ageusia.
^l Mental status changes include confusional state, amnesia, cognitive disorder, hallucination, delirium, somnolence, depressed level of consciousness, memory impairment.
^m Peripheral neuropathy includes peripheral neuropathy, peripheral sensory neuropathy, sensory disturbance, paresthesia, neuralgia.
ⁿ Musculoskeletal pain includes musculoskeletal pain, back pain, musculoskeletal chest pain, neck pain, pain in extremity, bone pain.
^o Hemorrhage includes hemorrhage, hematoma, hematuria, epistaxis, rectal hemorrhage, injection site hematoma, subdural hematoma, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, corneal bleeding.
^p Vision blurred includes vision blurred, visual acuity reduced, visual impairment.

Clinically relevant adverse reactions in <10% of patients who received XPOVIO included:

• Injury: fall (8%)
• Metabolic and nutrition disorders: dehydration (7%)
• Neurologic disorders: headache (4.5%), syncope (2.2%)
• Infection: sepsis (6%), herpesvirus infection (3%)
• Eye disorders: cataract (3.7%)
• Blood and lymphatic disorders: febrile neutropenia (3%)
• Cardiac disorders: cardiac failure (3%)

Table 7 summarizes selected new or worsening laboratory abnormalities in SADAL. Grade 3-4 laboratory abnormalities in ≥15% included thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, anemia, and hyponatremia. Grade 4 laboratory abnormalities in ≥5% were thrombocytopenia (18%), lymphopenia (5%), and neutropenia (9%).

Table 7. Select Laboratory Abnormalities (≥15%) Worsening from Baseline in Patients with DLBCL Who Received XPOVIO in SADAL:

The denominator used to calculate the rate varied from 107 to 128 based on the number of patients with at least one post-treatment value.
^a Not fasting.
^b CK increase was not associated with reports of myopathy or myalgia.

Risk Summary

Based on findings in animal studies and its mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)], XPOVIO can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There are no available data in pregnant women to inform the drug-associated risk. In animal reproduction studies, administration of selinexor to pregnant rats during organogenesis resulted in structural abnormalities and alterations to growth at exposures that were below those occurring clinically at the recommended dose (see Data). Advise pregnant women of the risks to a fetus.

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.

Data

Animal data

In an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rats, daily oral administration of selinexor at 0, 0.25, 0.75, or 2 mg/kg throughout organogenesis caused incomplete or delayed ossification, skeletal variations, and reduced fetal weight compared with controls at a dose of 0.75 mg/kg (approximately 0.08-fold of human area under the curve [AUC] at the recommended dose). Malformations were observed at 2 mg/kg, including microphthalmia, fetal edema, malpositioned kidney, and persistent truncus arteriosus.

Risk Summary

There is no information regarding the presence of selinexor or its metabolites in human milk, or their effects on the breastfed child or milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in a breastfed child, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with XPOVIO and for 1 week after the last dose.

XPOVIO can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Pregnancy Testing

Verify the pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating XPOVIO [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Contraception

Females

Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with XPOVIO and for 1 week after the last dose.

Males

Advise males with a female partner of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with XPOVIO and for 1 week after the last dose.

Infertility

Females and Males

Based on findings in animals, XPOVIO may impair fertility in females and males of reproductive potential [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].

The safety and effectiveness of XPOVIO have not been established in pediatric patients.

Of the 202 patients with multiple myeloma who received XPOVIO, 49% were 65 years of age and over, while 11% were 75 years of age and over. No overall difference in effectiveness was observed in patients over 65 years of age, including patients over 75 years of age, when compared with younger patients. When comparing patients 75 years of age and older to younger patients, older patients had a higher incidence of discontinuation due to an adverse reaction (44% vs 27%), higher incidence of serious adverse reactions (70% vs 58%), and higher incidence of fatal adverse reactions (17% vs 9%).

Among 134 patients with DLBCL who received XPOVIO in SADAL, 61% were 65 years of age and older, while 25% were 75 years of age and older. Clinical studies of XPOVIO in patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients.