Chemical formula: C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₇S Molecular mass: 460.5 g/mol PubChem compound: 11561674
Apremilast, an oral small-molecule inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), works intracellularly to modulate a network of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. PDE4 is a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-specific PDE and the dominant PDE in inflammatory cells. PDE4 inhibition elevates intracellular cAMP levels, which in turn down-regulates the inflammatory response by modulating the expression of TNF-α, IL-23, IL-17 and other inflammatory cytokines.
This medicinal substance has been classified in the anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) classification according to its main therapeutic use as follows:
| ATC code | Group title | Classification |
|---|---|---|
| L04AA32 | L Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents → L04 Immunosuppressants → L04A Immunosuppressants → L04AA Selective immunosuppressants | |
Competent medicine agencies globally have authorized commercialization of this active ingredient according to these medication package inserts (MPIs):
| Title | Information Source | Document Type | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OTEZLA Film-coated tablet | European Medicines Agency (EU) | MPI, EU: SmPC |
Apremilast is an active ingredient of these brands:
United States (US)Australia (AU)Austria (AT)Brazil (BR)Canada (CA)Croatia (HR)Cyprus (CY)Estonia (EE)Finland (FI)France (FR)Hong Kong (HK)Ireland (IE)Israel (IL)Italy (IT)Japan (JP)Lithuania (LT)Netherlands (NL)New Zealand (NZ)Poland (PL)Romania (RO)Singapore (SG)South Africa (ZA)Spain (ES)United Kingdom (UK)Note the following: The list of brand names is continuously updated, and thus does not include the total of products circulating worldwide. |
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