Berdazimer

Risk Summary

There are no available data on berdazimer use in pregnant women to evaluate for a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or other adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. In animal reproduction studies, oral administration of berdazimer to pregnant rats and rabbits increased malformations in the presence of severe maternal toxicity (see Data). The clinical relevance of this finding is unknown given the bioavailability of berdazimer following oral administration is significantly higher than topical application.

The available data do not allow the calculation of relevant comparisons between the systemic exposure of berdazimer observed in animal studies and the systemic exposure that would be expected in humans after topical use of berdazimer.

The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.

Data

Animal Data

Systemic embryo-fetal development studies were conducted in rats and rabbits. In an embryofetal development study in rats, oral dose levels of 28, 95, or 189 mg/kg/day berdazimer were administered during the period of organogenesis. Maternal mortality and elevated methemoglobin levels were noted in dams receiving doses of 95 and 189 mg/kg/day. The maternal no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 28 mg/kg/day. Fetal skeletal malformations (changes in the lumbar and thoracic centra or arches, missing thoracic arches and centra, additional bone in the thoracic arches, missing lumbar centra and arches, and fused ribs) and visceral malformations (cleft palate) and decreased fetal weights were observed in litters from dams receiving 189 mg/kg/day. The fetal NOAEL was 95 mg/kg/day.

In an embryo-fetal development study in rabbits, oral dose levels of 47, 142, or 284 mg/kg/day berdazimer were administered during the period of organogenesis. Maternal mortality, aborted fetuses, adverse clinical observations, and elevated methemoglobin levels were noted in pregnant rabbits receiving doses of 142 and 284 mg/kg/day. The maternal NOAEL was 47 mg/kg/day. Decreased fetal weights were noted from pregnant rabbits receiving 284 mg/kg/day. The fetal NOAEL was 142 mg/kg/day.

There are no data on the presence of berdazimer or its metabolite in either human or animal milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for berdazimer and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from berdazimer or from the underlying maternal condition.

The carcinogenic potential of berdazimer gel was assessed in a 2-year dermal mouse carcinogenicity study. There were no drug-related tumor findings associated with daily topical administration of berdazimer gel to mice at doses up to 4% berdazimer gel.

Berdazimer was mutagenic in a bacterial mutagenicity assay (Ames assay) but was not clastogenic in an in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in human peripheral blood lymphocytes or in an in vivo micronucleus assay in rats.

There were no berdazimer related effects on male or female fertility and early embryonic parameters in rats at oral doses up to 189 mg/kg/day.

Clinical trials experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

In three double-blind, vehicle-controlled clinical trials (Trial 1, and Trial 2 and Trial 3, which were similarly designed to Trial 1), 1596 adult and pediatric subjects were treated with berdazimer or vehicle gel topically once daily for up to 12 weeks. In these trials 3% of subjects were less than 2 years of age, and 96% of subjects were 2 to 17 years of age. The trial population included 51% male, 88% White, 6% Black, and 6% Other; for ethnicity, 21% of subjects identified as Hispanic/Latino, 78% as non-Hispanic/Latino, and 1% were not reported. Adverse reactions reported by ≥1% of subjects and more frequently than vehicle-treated subjects are listed in the following table.

Adverse Reactions Reported by ≥1% of Subjects with MC Treated with Berdazimer (and Greater than Vehicle) Day 1 through Week 12 in Trials 1, 2, and 3:

^* TEAE – treatment emergent adverse events
^† Application site pain also includes application site burning and stinging.