Chemical formula: C₉H₁₃NO₃ Molecular mass: 183.204 g/mol PubChem compound: 5816
Epinephrine interacts in the following cases:
Alpha-blockers antagonise the vasoconstriction and hypertension effects of adrenaline, increasing the risk of hypotension and tachycardia.
Risk of aggravation of pressor action.
Increased pressor action of adrenaline, usually moderate.
Concomitant administration of other sympathomimetic agents with adrenaline may increase toxicity due to possible additive effects.
The risk of toxicity by adrenaline is increased in severe renal impairment.
Adrenaline-induced hyperglycaemia may lead to loss of blood-sugar control in diabetic patients treated with insulin or oral hypoglycaemic agents.
Severe hypertension and reflex bradycardia may occur with non-cardioselective beta-blocking agents. Beta-blockers, especially non-cardioselective agents, also antagonise the cardiac and bronchodilator effects of adrenaline.
Severe ventricular arrhythmia (increase in cardiac excitability).
Paroxysmal hypertension with the possibility of arrhythmia (inhibition of the entry of sympathomimetics into sympathetic fibres).
The risk of toxicity by adrenaline is increased if the following conditions are pre-existing:
The risk of toxicity by adrenaline is increased if the following conditions are pre-existing:
Adrenaline may increase intra-ocular pressure in patients with narrow angle glaucoma.
Prolonged use of adrenaline can result in severe metabolic acidosis because of elevated blood concentrations of lactic acid.
Adrenaline should be used with caution in patients with prostatic hyperplasia with urinary retention.
The risk of toxicity by adrenaline is increased in cerebrovascular disease, organic brain damage or arteriosclerosis.
Teratogenic effect has been demonstrated in animal experiments.
Adrenaline should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefits outweigh the possible risks to the foetus. If used during pregnancy, adrenaline may cause anoxia to the foetus.
Adrenaline usually inhibits spontaneous or oxytocin induced contractions of the uterus and may delay the second stage of labour. In dosage sufficient to reduce uterine contractions, adrenaline may cause a prolonged period of uterine atony with haemorrhage. For this reason parenteral adrenaline should not be used during the second stage of labour.
Adrenaline is distributed into breast milk. Breast-feeding should be avoided by mothers receiving adrenaline.
No information available concerning impact of adrenaline on fertility.
Not applicable in normal conditions of use.
Frequency not known: hyperglycaemia, hypokalaemia, metabolic acidosis.
Frequency not known: anxiety, nervousness, fear, hallucinations.
Frequency not known: headache, tremors, dizziness, syncope.
Frequency not known: mydriasis.
Frequency not known: palpitations, tachycardia. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (stress cardiomyopathy) may occur. In high dosage or for patients sensitive to adrenaline: cardiac dysrhythmia (sinus tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation/cardiac arrest), acute angina attacks, and risk of acute myocardial infarction.
Frequency not known: pallor, coldness of the extremities. In high dosage or for patients sensitive to adrenaline: hypertension (with risk of cerebral haemorrhage), vasoconstriction (for example cutaneous, in the extremities or kidneys).
Frequency not known: dyspnoea.
Frequency not known: nausea, vomiting.
Frequency not known: sweating, weakness
Repeated local injections may produce necrosis at sites of injection as a result of vascular constriction.
© All content on this website, including data entry, data processing, decision support tools, "RxReasoner" logo and graphics, is the intellectual property of RxReasoner and is protected by copyright laws. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution of any part of this content without explicit written permission from RxReasoner is strictly prohibited. Any third-party content used on this site is acknowledged and utilized under fair use principles.
