ATC Group: G04BX Other urologicals

Acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) is a stable, synthetic compound derived from hydroxylamine and ethyl acetate. Its molecular structure is similar to urea. AHA reversibly inhibits the bacterial enzyme urease, thereby inhibiting the hydrolysis of urea and production of ammonia in urine infected with urea-splitting organisms. The reduced ammonia levels and decreased pH enhance the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents and allow an increased cure rate of these infections.

Dapoxetine is a potent selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). The mechanism of action of dapoxetine in premature ejaculation is presumed to be linked to the inhibition of neuronal reuptake of serotonin and the subsequent potentiation of the neurotransmitter’s action at pre- and postsynaptic receptors.

Dimethyl sulfoxide is used for the symptomatic relief of patients with interstitial cystitis. There is no clinical evidence of effectiveness of dimethyl sulfoxide in the treatment of bacterial infections of the urinary tract.

Magnesium hydroxide is practically insoluble in water and solution is not effected until the hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to form magnesium chloride. Its neutralising action is almost equal to that of sodium bicarbonate. When the dose is in excess of that required to neutralise the acid the intragastric pH may reach pH 8 or 9. Acid rebound following magnesium hydroxide is clinically insignificant. Magnesium hydroxide has an indirect cathartic effect resulting from water retention in the intestinal lumen.

The hypothetic mechanism of action of pentosan polysulfate includes a local effect in the bladder after systemic administration and excretion into the urine by binding of glycosaminoglycans to the deficient mucous of the bladder. It is hypothesized, that a potential barrier function of pentosan polysulfate instead of the damaged urothelial mucus might play a role as well the antiinflammatory activity of pentosan polysulfate sodium.

Phenazopyridine is excreted in the urine where it exerts a topical analgesic effect on the mucosa of the lower urinary tract. This action helps to relieve pain, burning, urgency and frequency. The precise mechanism of action is unknown.

Tiopronin is similar to penicillamine in both chemistry and pharmacology and used to control the rate of cystine precipitation and excretion in the disease cystinuria. The drug works by reacting with urinary cysteine to form a more soluble, disulfide linked, tiopronin-cysteine complex