ICD-10 Specific code R52.0: Acute pain

Acetylsalicylic acid combines significant advantages such as strong anti-pyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory action, that is the measure of comparison with all the newer NSAIDs.

Bupivacaine is an amide-type, long-acting local anesthetic. Bupivicaine reversibly binds to specific sodium ion channels in the neuronal membrane, resulting in a decrease in the voltage-dependent membrane permeability to sodium ions and membrane stabilization; inhibition of depolarization and nerve impulse conduction; and a reversible loss of sensation.

The combination of paracetamol with codeine is a well-tolerated and effective analgesic. It consists of complementary active substances with different properties, but with common indication, the relief of pain. A special feature of the combination of paracetamol and codeine is the rapid onset of action after 10-20 minutes and the duration of action for 4-6 hours.

Dihydrocodeine is a semisynthetic narcotic analgesic with a potency between morphine and codeine. It is also a centrally-acting anti-tussive. Dihydrocodeine works on the cough centre to lessen the incidence and intensity of coughing fits.

Levomepromazine resembles chlorpromazine and promethazine in the pattern of its pharmacology. It possesses anti-emetic, antihistamine and anti-adrenaline activity and exhibits a strong sedative effect.

Mefenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties.

Nimesulide is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic and antipyretic properties which acts as an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis enzyme cyclo-oxygenase. Cyclo-oxygenase produces prostaglandins, some of them being implicated in the development and maintenance of inflammation.

Nitrous oxide is a potent analgesic and a weak anaesthetic. Induction with nitrous oxide is relatively rapid, but a concentration of about 70% is needed to produce unconsciousness.

Paracetamol is a medication used to treat pain and fever. It does appear to selectively inhibit COX activities in the brain, which may contribute to its ability to treat fever and pain.

Pentazocine is an opioid, benzomorphan derivative analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of morphine. It has weak narcotic antagonist actions.

Rofecoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities in animal models. The mechanism of action of rofecoxib is believed to be due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, via inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).