Source: FDA, National Drug Code (US) Revision Year: 2017
The two active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in Omidria, phenylephrine and ketorolac, act to maintain pupil size by preventing intraoperative miosis, and reducing postoperative pain.
Phenylephrine is an α1-adrenergic receptor agonist and, in the eye, acts as a mydriatic agent by contracting the radial muscle of the iris. Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory that inhibits both cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), resulting in a decrease in tissue concentrations of prostaglandins to reduce pain due to surgical trauma. Ketorolac, by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis secondary to ocular surgical insult or direct mechanical stimulation of the iris, also prevents surgically induced miosis.
In a pharmacokinetic study evaluating Omidria, systemic exposure to both phenylephrine and ketorolac was low or undetectable.
A single-dose of Omidria as part of the irrigation solution was administered in 14 patients during lens replacement surgery. The volume of irrigation solution used during surgery ranged between 150 mL to 300 mL (median 212.5 mL). Detectable phenylephrine plasma concentrations were observed in one of 14 patients (range 1.2 to 1.4 ng/mL) during the first 2 hours after the initiation of Omidria administration. The observed phenylephrine plasma concentrations could not be distinguished from the preoperative administration of phenylephrine 2.5% ophthalmic solution prior to exposure to Omidria.
Ketorolac plasma concentrations were detected in 10 of 14 patients (range 1.0 to 4.2 ng/mL) during the first 8 hours after the initiation of Omidria administration. The maximum ketorolac concentration was 15 ng/mL at 24 hours after the initiation of Omidria administration, which may have been due to application of postoperative ketorolac ophthalmic solution.
The efficacy and safety of Omidria were evaluated in two Phase 3, randomized, multicenter, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trials in 808 adult patients undergoing cataract surgery or intraocular lens replacement.
Patients were randomized to either Omidria or placebo. Patients were treated with preoperative topical mydriatic and anesthetic agents. Pupil diameter was measured throughout the surgical procedure. Postoperative pain was evaluated by self-administered 0-100 mm visual analog scales (VAS).
Mydriasis was maintained in the Omidria-treated groups while the placebo-treated groups experienced progressive constriction.
Figure 3. Intraoperative Pupil Diameter (mm) Change-from-Baseline:
At the end of cortical clean-up, 23% of placebo-treated patients and 4% of Omidria-treated patients had a pupil diameter less than 6 mm (p <0.01).
Pain during the initial 10-12 hours postoperatively was statistically significantly less in the Omidria-treated groups than in the placebo-treated groups.
Figure 4. Postoperative Mean Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Scores for Pain:
During the 10-12 hours postoperatively, 26% of Omidria-treated patients reported no pain (VAS = 0 at all timepoints) while 17% of placebo-treated patients reported no pain (p <0.01).
The safety of Omidria was evaluated in a single, randomized, multicenter, double-masked, active-controlled clinical study in 72 pediatric patients up to 3 years old undergoing cataract surgery with or without intraocular lens replacement.
Patients were randomized to either Omidria or phenylephrine. Patients were treated with preoperative topical mydriatic and anesthetic agents. As in the adult studies, mydriasis was maintained in the Omidria-treated group. No overall differences in safety were observed between pediatric and adult patients.
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