Chemical formula: C₂₁H₂₇N₅O₄S Molecular mass: 445.535 g/mol PubChem compound: 3478
Glipizide is contraindicated in pregnancy.
Glipizide was found to be mildly fetotoxic in rat reproductive studies. No teratogenic effects were found in rat or rabbit studies.
Prolonged severe hypoglycaemia (4-10 days) has been reported in neonates born to mothers who were receiving a sulfonylurea drug at the time of delivery.
Because recent information suggests that abnormal blood glucose levels during pregnancy are associated with a higher incidence of congenital abnormalities, many experts recommend that insulin be used during pregnancy to maintain blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible.
No data are available on secretion into breast milk. Therefore glipizide is contraindicated in lactation.
The effect of glipizide on the ability to drive or operate machines has not been studied; however, there is no evidence to suggest that glipizide may affect these abilities. Patients should be aware of the symptoms of hypoglycaemia and be careful about driving and the use of machines, especially when optimum stabilisation has not been achieved, for example during the change-over from other medications or during irregular use.
The majority of side effects have been dose related, transient, and have responded to dose reduction or withdrawal of the medication. However, clinical experience thus far has shown that, as with other sulfonylureas, some side effects associated with hypersensitivity may be severe and deaths have been reported in some instances.
The reported adverse reactions, which may possibly be associated with glipizide, are listed below by system organ class and frequency group. Frequencies are defined as very common (≥1/10), common (≥1/100 to <1/10), uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100), rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000), very rare (<1/10,000) and not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).
Not known: Leucopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, haemolytic anaemia, pancytopenia. Aplastic anaemia has been reported with other sulfonylureas.
Common: Hypoglycaemia.
Not known: Hyponatraemia, disulfiram-like reactions have been reported with other sulfonylureas.
Not known: Confusional state#.
Uncommon: Dizziness#, somnolence#, tremor#.
Not known: Headache#.
Uncommon: Vision blurred#.
Not known: Diplopia#, visual impairment#, visual acuity reduced#.
Common: Nausea$, diarrhoea$, abdominal pain upper$ and abdominal pain.
Uncommon: Vomiting.
Not known: Constipation$.
Uncommon: Jaundice cholestatic%
Not known: Hepatic function abnormal, hepatitis,
Uncommon: Eczema&.
Not known: Dermatitis allergic&, erythema&, rash morbilliform&, rash maculopapular&, urticaria&, pruritus&, photosensitivity reaction.
Not known: Porphyria non-acute
Not known: Malaise#
Not known: Aspartate aminotransferase increased*, blood lactate dehydrogenase increased*, blood alkaline phosphatase increased*, blood urea increased*, blood creatinine increased*.
# This is usually transient and do not require discontinuance of therapy, however, they may also be symptoms of hypoglycaemia.
$ Appear to be dose related and usually disappear on division or reduction of dosage.
% Discontinue treatment if cholestatic jaundice occurs.
& They frequently disappear with continued therapy. However if they persist, the drug should be discontinued.
* The relationship of these abnormalities to glipizide is uncertain and they have rarely been associated with clinical symptoms.
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