Chemical formula: C₇₆H₁₀₄N₁₂O₂₄S Molecular mass: 1,600.701 g/mol
Sacituzumab govitecan interacts in the following cases:
Concomitant administration of sacituzumab govitecan with inhibitors of UGT1A1 may increase the incidence of adverse reactions due to potential increase in systemic exposure to SN-38. Sacituzumab govitecan should be used with caution in patients receiving UGT1A1 inhibitors (e.g. propofol, ketoconazole, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors).
Exposure to SN-38 may be substantially reduced in patients concomitantly receiving UGT1A1 enzyme inducers. Sacituzumab govitecan should be used with caution in patients receiving UGT1A1 inducers (e.g. carbamazepine, phenytoin, rifampicin, ritonavir, tipranavir).
Based on the limited data available from patients who received UGT1A1 inhibitors (n=16) or inducers (n=5) while being treated with sacituzumab govitecan, free SN-38 exposures in these patients were comparable to those in patients who did not receive UGT1A1 inhibitor or inducer.
Sacituzumab govitecan has not been studied in patients with severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease (Creatinine Clearance [CrCl] <15 mL/min).
The safety of sacituzumab govitecan in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment has not been established. Sacituzumab govitecan has not been studied in patients with serum bilirubin >1.5 ULN, or AST or ALT >3 ULN in patients without liver metastases, or AST or ALT >5 ULN, in patients with liver metastases. The use of sacituzumab govitecan should be avoided in these patients.
Based on findings in animals, sacituzumab govitecan may impair fertility in females of reproductive potential. No human data on the effect of sacituzumab govitecan on fertility are available.
SN-38 (the small molecule moiety of sacituzumab govitecan) is metabolised via uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT1A1). Genetic variants of the UGT1A1 gene such as the UGT1A1*28 allele lead to reduced UGT1A1 enzyme activity. Individuals who are homozygous for UGT1A1*28 allele are potentially at increased risk for neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and anaemia and may be at increased risk for other adverse reactions following initiation of sacituzumab govitecan treatment. Approximately 20% of the Black population, 10% of the White population, and 2% of the East Asian population are homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele. Decreased function alleles other than UGT1A1*28 may be present in certain populations. Patients with known reduced UGT1A1 activity should be closely monitored for adverse reactions. When unknown, no testing of UGT1A1 status is required as the management of adverse reactions including the recommended dose modifications will be the same for all patients.
There are no available data on the use of sacituzumab govitecan in pregnant women. However, based on its mechanism of action, sacituzumab govitecan can cause teratogenicity and/or embryo-foetal lethality when administered during pregnancy. Sacituzumab govitecan contains a genotoxic component, SN-38, and targets rapidly dividing cells.
Sacituzumab govitecan should not be used during pregnancy unless the clinical condition of the woman requires treatment with sacituzumab govitecan.
The pregnancy status of women of childbearing potential should be verified prior to the initiation of sacituzumab govitecan.
Women who become pregnant must immediately contact their doctor.
It is unknown whether sacituzumab govitecan or its metabolites are excreted in human milk. A risk to breastfed newborns/infants cannot be excluded. Breast-feeding should be discontinued during treatment with sacituzumab govitecan and for 1 month after the last dose.
Women of childbearing potential have to use effective contraception during treatment and for 6 months after the last dose. Male patients with female partners of childbearing potential have to use effective contraception during treatment with sacituzumab govitecan and for 3 months after the last dose.
Based on findings in animals, sacituzumab govitecan may impair fertility in females of reproductive potential. No human data on the effect of sacituzumab govitecan on fertility are available.
Sacituzumab govitecan has minor influence on the ability to drive and use machines, e.g. dizziness, fatigue.
The most common adverse reactions reported in patients treated with sacituzumab govitecan were: neutropenia (67.6%), nausea (62.6%), diarrhoea (62.5%), fatigue (61.5%), alopecia (45.6%), anaemia (40.7%), constipation (36.2%), vomiting (33.6%), decreased appetite (25.7%), dyspnoea (22.1%) and abdominal pain (20.2%).
The most common grade 3 or higher adverse reactions were neutropenia (50.7%), leukopenia (10.5%), diarrhoea (10.3%), anaemia (9.3%), fatigue (6.8%), febrile neutropenia (6.1%), hypophosphataemia (4.2%), dyspnoea (3.1%), lymphopenia (2.9%), abdominal pain (2.8%), nausea (2.8%), vomiting (2.5%), hypokalaemia (2.5%), pneumonia (2.3%) and aspartate aminotransferase increased (2.2%).
The most frequently reported serious adverse reactions in patients treated with sacituzumab govitecan were febrile neutropenia (4.8%), diarrhoea (3.9%), neutropenia (2.6%) and pneumonia (2%).
The frequencies of adverse reactions are based on pooled data from three clinical studies involving 688 patients who received sacituzumab govitecan 10 mg/kg body weight for the treatment of metastatic TNBC and HR+/HER2- breast cancer. The median exposure to sacituzumab govitecan in this data set was 4.63 months.
The adverse reaction frequencies are based on all-cause adverse event frequencies, where a proportion of the events for an adverse reaction may have other causes than sacituzumab govitecan, such as the disease, other medicinal products or unrelated causes. The severity of adverse drug reactions was assessed based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), defining grade 1 = mild, grade 2 = moderate, grade 3 = severe, grade 4 = life threatening, and 5 = death.
Adverse reactions are listed by System Organ Class and frequency category. Frequency categories are defined as: very common (≥1/10); common (≥1/100 to <1/10); uncommon (≥1/1 000 to <1/100); rare (≥1/10 000 to <1/1 000); very rare (<1/10 000); and not known (cannot be estimated from the available data). Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in the order of decreasing seriousness.
List of adverse reactions:
| System organ class (SOC) | Frequency | Adverse reactions |
|---|---|---|
| Infections and infestations | ||
| Very common | Urinary tract infection Upper respiratory tract infection | |
| Common | Sepsis Pneumonia Influenza Bronchitis Nasopharyngitis Sinusitis Oral herpes | |
| Blood and lymphatic system disorders | ||
| Very common | Neutropenia1 Anaemia2 Leukopenia3 Lymphopenia4 | |
| Common | Febrile neutropenia Thrombocytopenia5 | |
| Immune system disorders | ||
| Very common | Hypersensitivity6 | |
| Metabolism and nutrition disorders | ||
| Very common | Decreased appetite Hypokalaemia Hypomagnesaemia | |
| Common | Dehydration Hyperglycaemia Hypophosphataemia Hypocalcaemia Hyponatraemia | |
| Psychiatric disorders | ||
| Very common | Insomnia | |
| Common | Anxiety | |
| Nervous system disorders | ||
| Very common | Headache Dizziness | |
| Common | Dysgeusia | |
| Vascular disorders | ||
| Common | Hypotension | |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | ||
| Very common | Dyspnoea7 Cough | |
| Common | Epistaxis Productive cough Rhinorrhoea Nasal congestion Upper airway cough syndrome | |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | ||
| Very common | Diarrhoea Vomiting Nausea Constipation Abdominal Pain | |
| Common | Neutropenic colitis8 Colitis Stomatitis Abdominal pain upper Dyspepsia Gastrooesophageal reflux disease Abdominal distension | |
| Uncommon | Enteritis | |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | ||
| Very common | Alopecia Rash Pruritus | |
| Common | Rash maculopapular Skin hyperpigmentation Dermatitis acneiform Dry skin | |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | ||
| Very common | Back pain Arthralgia | |
| Common | Musculoskeletal chest pain Muscle spasms | |
| Renal and urinary disorders | ||
| Common | Haematuria Proteinuria Dysuria | |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | ||
| Very common | Fatigue9 | |
| Common | Pain Chills | |
| Investigations | ||
| Common | Weight decreased Blood alkaline phosphatase increased Activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged Blood lactate dehydrogenase increased | |
| Injury, poisoning and procedural complications | ||
| Uncommon | Infusion related reaction | |
1 Includes the following preferred terms: neutropenia; neutrophil count decreased.
2 Includes the following preferred terms: anaemia; haemoglobin decreased; red blood cell count decreased.
3 Includes the following preferred terms: leukopenia; white blood cell count decreased.
4 Includes the following preferred terms: lymphopenia; lymphocyte count decreased.
5 Includes the following preferred terms: thrombocytopenia; platelet count decreased.
6 Hypersensitivity events reported up to the end of the day after treatment was administered. Includes events coded to the following preferred terms: dyspnoea; hypotension; flushing; erythema; chest discomfort; rhinitis allergic; wheezing; oedema; urticaria; anaphylactic reaction; mouth ulceration; skin exfoliation; swollen tongue; throat tightness.
7 Includes the following preferred terms: dyspnoea; dyspnoea exertional.
8 Includes the preferred term of neutropenic colitis and events reported as typhlitis.
9 Includes the following preferred terms: fatigue, asthenia.
The median time to onset of neutropenia (including febrile neutropenia) following the start of the first treatment cycle was 16 days. The median duration of neutropenia was 8 days.
Neutropenia occurred in 67.6% (465/688) of patients treated with sacituzumab govitecan, including Grade 3-4 neutropenia in 50.7% of patients. Neutropenia was the reason for dose reduction in 12.4% of patients. Neutropenic colitis was observed in 1% (7/688) of patients.
Febrile neutropenia occurred in 6.1% (42/688) of patients treated with sacituzumab govitecan. Febrile neutropenia was the reason for dose reduction in 2.9% of patients.
The incidence of Grade 3-4 neutropenia was 60.6% (43/71) in patients homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele, 52.9% (144/272) in patients heterozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele, and 49.1% (140/285) in patients homozygous for the wild-type allele. The incidence of Grade 3-4 febrile neutropenia was 14.1% (10/71) in patients homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele, 5.9% (16/272) in patients heterozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele, and 4.6% (13/285) in patients homozygous for the wild-type allele. The incidence of Grade 3-4 anaemia was 15.5% (11/71) in patients homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele, 7.4% (20/272) in patients heterozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele, and 8.1% (23/285) in patients homozygous for the wild-type allele.
Compared to patients homozygous for the wild-type allele, earlier median onset of neutropenia and anaemia was observed in patients homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele and in patients heterozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele.
The median time to onset of diarrhoea following the start of the first treatment cycle was 13 days. The median duration of diarrhoea was 8 days.
Diarrhoea occurred in 62.5% (430/688) of patients treated with sacituzumab govitecan. Grade 3 events occurred in 10.3% (71/688) of patients. Three of 688 patients (< 1%) discontinued treatment because of diarrhoea.
Hypersensitivity reactions reported up to the end of the day following dosing occurred in 33.0% (227/688) of patients treated with sacituzumab govitecan. Grade 3 and above hypersensitivity occurred in 1.7% (12/688) of patients treated with sacituzumab govitecan. The incidence of hypersensitivity reactions leading to permanent discontinuation of sacituzumab govitecan was 0.1% (1/688).
Across clinical studies in patients treated with sacituzumab govitecan, 9 (1.1%) of 785 patients developed antibodies to sacituzumab govitecan; 6 of these patients (0.8% of all patients treated with sacituzumab govitecan) had neutralizing antibodies against sacituzumab govitecan.
There was no difference in discontinuation rate due to adverse events in patients aged 65 years or older compared with younger patients with mTNBC. There was a higher discontinuation rate due to adverse reactions in patients aged 65 years or older (14%) compared with younger patients (3%) with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer. There was a higher incidence rate of serious adverse events in patients aged 75 years or older (67%) compared to patients aged 65 years or older (43%) and patients younger than 65 years (24%) with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer.
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