ATC Group: D01AC Imidazole and triazole derivatives

Bifonazole is an imidazole derivative with a broad antimycotic spectrum, which includes dermatophytes, yeasts, moulds and other fungi such as Malassezia furfur. It is also effective against Corynebacterium minutissimum.

Clotrimazole acts against fungi by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis. Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis leads to structural and functional impairment of the fungal cytoplasmic membrane. Clotrimazole has a broad antimycotic spectrum of action in vitro and in vivo, which includes dermatophytes, yeasts, moulds, etc.

Econazole nitrate is a broad spectrum antimycotic with activity against dermatophytes, yeasts and moulds. A clinically relevant action against Gram positive bacteria has also been found.

Efinaconazole is an azole antifungal used for the topical treatment of onychomycosis.

Fenticonazole is a broad-spectrum antimycotic agent.

Fluconazole is a triazole antifungal agent. Its primary mode of action is the inhibition of fungal cytochrome P-450-mediated 14 alpha-lanosterol demethylation, an essential step in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis.

Isoconazole is for use in the treatment of superficial fungal diseases of the skin. It displays a very broad spectrum of antimicrobial action. It is effective against dermatophytes and yeasts, yeast-like fungi (including the causative organism of pityriasis versicolor) and molds, as well against gram-positive bacteria in-vitro and against the causative organism of erythrasma.

Ketoconazole is an imidazole-dioxolane antimycotic, active against yeasts, including Malassezia and dermatophytes.

Luliconazole is an azole antifungal. At therapeutic doses, luliconazole cream, is not expected to prolong QTc to any clinically relevant extent. It is used for the topical treatment of interdigital tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis caused by the organisms Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum.

Miconazole possesses an antifungal activity against the common dermatophytes and yeasts as well as an antibacterial activity against certain gram-positive bacilli and cocci. Its activity is based on the inhibition of the ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi and the change in the composition of the lipid components in the membrane, resulting in fungal cell necrosis.

Sertaconazole, an azole antifungal agent, inhibits fungal cytochrome P-450-mediated 14 alpha-lanosterol demethylase enzyme. This enzyme functions to convert lanosterol to ergosterol. Ergosterol is a key component of fungal cell membranes and lack of this component leads to fungal cell injury by leakage of key constituents in the cytoplasm from the cell.

Sulconazole is an imidazole derivative with broad-spectrum antifungal activity that inhibits the growth in vitro of the common pathogenic dermatophytes. It also inhibits (in vitro) the organism responsible for tinea versicolor, Malassezia furfur, and has been shown to be active against Candida albicans.

Tioconazole is an imidazole derivative. Tioconazole is a broad spectrum antifungal agent that also has an antibacterial effect on a number of Gram-positive cocci (e.g. Stapphylococcus, Streptococcus species). It is active against commonly occurring dermatophyte and yeast-like fungal species.